[Research progress of macrophage polarization in silicosis fibrosis].

Silicosis is a common occupational disease, and its main characteristic pathological features are the formation of silicon nodules and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. In the process of silicosis fibrosis, macrophages can be polarized into M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages play a pro-inflammatory role in the early stage of silicosis and release a variety of inflammatory factors, which is the core of inflammatory response. M2 macrophages promote inflammation resolution and tissue repair in silicosis fibrosis stage by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-fibrotic mediators. M1/M2 polarization balance plays an important role in the occurrence and development of silicosis, and the regulation of macrophage polarization direction may play a positive role in the prevention and treatment of silicosis fibrosis. In this review, the role of macrophage polarization in silicosis fibrosis, the related signaling pathways regulating macrophage polarization in silicosis fibrosis, and the potential therapeutic targets based on macrophage polarization in silicosis fibrosis are reviewed, with a view to further strengthening the understanding of the mechanism of macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis and treatment of silicosis fibrosis.

[circDDX17 targets miR-223-3p / RIP3 to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells].

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of circDDX17 regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting the miR-223-3p/RIP3 molecular axis. Methods: The expression levels of circDDX17, miR-223-3p, and RIP3 in human normal lung epithelial cell lines BEAS-2B and non-small cell lung cancer cells H1299, A549, and H446 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The plasmids of pcDNA, pcDNA-circDDX17, anti-miR-con, anti-miR-223-3p, pcDNA-circDDX17 and miR-con, pcDNA-circDDX17 and miR-223-3p mimics were transfected into H1299 cells. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Plate cloning experiment was used to detect cell proliferation ability. The dual luciferase report experiment was applied to verify the targeting relationship between miR-223-3p with circDDX17 and RIP3. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of cyclinD1, CDK2, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. Results: The expression levels of circDDX17 and RIP3 mRNA in H1299, A549, and H446 cells were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the expression level of miR-223-3p mRNA was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with BEAS-2B. The cell viability [(69.46±4.68)%], the number of cell clones (83.49±7.86), the proportion of cells in S phase [(22.52±1.41) %], the protein expression levels of cyclinD1 and CDK2 in PCDNa-CircDDX17 group were lower than those in pcDNA group [(97.54±7.72)%, 205.03±13.37, (28.69±1.49)%, respectively, P<0.05], while the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells [(64.45±3.56)%], apoptosis rate [(18.36±1.63)%], the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in pcDNA-circDDX17 group were higher than those of pcDNA group [(51.33±2.76) % and (5.21±0.54) %, respectively, P<0.05]. The viability [(72.64±5.44)%], the number of cell clones (78.16±8.23), the proportion of S-stage cells [(21.34±1.59) %], the protein expression levels of CyclinD1 and CDK2 in anti-miR-223-3p group were lower than those in anti-miR-con group [(103.47±6.25)%, 169.32±14.53, (28.43±1.26)%, respectively, P<0.05]. Percentage of G0/G1 phase cells [(62.86±3.28)%], apoptosis rate [(14.64±1.67)%], the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in the anti-miR-223-3p group were higher than those of anti-miR-con group [(51.33±2.71)% and (4.83±0.39)%, respectively, P<0.05]. MiR-223-3p has complementary sites with circDDX17 or RIP3. The viability [(135.45±9.28)%], the number of cell clones (174.64±10.68), the proportion of S-phase cells [(26.39±2.25)%], the protein expression levels of cyclinD1 and CDK2 in pcDNA-circDDX17+miR-223-3p group were higher than those in pcDNA-circDDX17+miR-con group [(101.56±6.68)%, 107.65±7.62, (21.64±1.72)%, P<0.05]. Percentage of G0/G1 phase cells [(56.64±2.76)%], apoptosis rate [(8.34±0.76)%], the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in pcDNA-circDDX17+miR-223-3p group were lower than those of pcDNA-circDDX17+miR-con group [(64.03±3.48)% and (15.21±1.18)%, respectively, P<0.05]. Conclusion: circDDX17 could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells via targeting the miR-223-3p / RIP3 molecular axis.

[Clinical and prognostic analysis of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in children].

Objective: To summarize the clinical and prognostic features of children with opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS). Methods: A total of 46 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of OMAS in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital from June 2015 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Centralized online consultations or telephone visits were conducted between June and August 2023. The data of the children during hospitalization and follow-up were collected, including clinical manifestations, assistant examination, treatment and prognosis. According to the presence or absence of tumor, the patients were divided into two groups. The chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Univariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to OMAS recurrence and prognosis. Results: There were 46 patients, with 25 males and the onset age of 1.5 (1.2, 2.4) years. Twenty-six (57%) patients were diagnosed with neuroblastoma during the course of the disease, and no patients were categorized into the high-risk group. A total of 36 patients (78%) were followed up for≥6 months, and all of them were treated with first-line therapy with glucocorticoids, gammaglobulin and (or) adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Among the 36 patients, 9 patients (25%) were treated with second-line therapy for ≥3 months, including rituximab or cyclophosphamide, and 17 patients (47%) received chemotherapy related to neuroblastoma. At the follow-up time of 4.2 (2.2, 5.5) years, 10 patients (28%) had relapsed of OMAS. The Mitchell and Pike OMS rating scale score at the final follow-up was 0.5 (0, 2.0). Seven patients (19%) were mildly cognitively behind their peers and 6 patients (17%) were severely behind. Only 1 patient had tumor recurrence during follow-up. The history of vaccination or infection before onset was more common in the non-tumor group than in the tumor group (55%(11/20) vs. 23%(6/26), χ²=4.95, P=0.026). Myoclonus occurred more frequently in the non-tumor group (40%(8/20) vs. 4%(1/26), χ²=7.23, P=0.007) as the onset symptom. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the tumor group had less recurrence (OR=0.19 (0.04-0.93), P=0.041). The use of second-line therapy or chemotherapy within 6 months of the disease course had a better prognosis (OR=11.64 (1.27-106.72), P=0.030). Conclusions: OMAS in children mostly starts in early childhood, and about half are combined with neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma in combination with OMAS usually has a low risk classification and good prognosis. When comparing patients with OMAS with and without tumors, the latter have a more common infection or vaccination triggers, and myoclonus, as the onset symptom, is more common. Early addition of second-line therapy is associated with better prognosis in OMAS.

[Determination of Perchloroethylene in blood by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

Objective: To establish a method for determination of Perchloroethylene (PCE) in blood by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS/GC-MS) . Methods: From Dctober to December 2021, A total of 3 mL blood samples were taken into a 10 mL headspace bottle, after heated at 60 ℃ for 30 mins, PCE in the top air was separated by VF-WAXms capillary column and detected by GC-MS. The retention time and external standard method were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PCE in samples, respectively. Results: There was good linear relationship in the range of 5.09-200.17 µg/L. The linear correlation coefficient was 0.9993.The detection limit was 0.21 µg/L and the lower limit of quantitation was 0.70 µg/L. The recovery rates of samples with different concentrations were 95.3%-103.8%. The intra-batch relative standard deviations (RSD) were 3.2%-4.6%, and inter-batch RSD was 4.0%-6.1%. The samples can be stored at 4 ℃ for three days and at -20 ℃ for seven days. Conclusion: This method is proved to be simple, practical and highly sensitive, which is suitable for the determination of PCE in blood.

Effect and mechanism of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 on osteoporosis in OVX mice.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect and the mechanism of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 (rhFGF18) on postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: The effect of rhFGF18 on the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblasts and the mechanism underlying such an effect was evaluated using an oxidative stress model of the MC3T3-E1 cell line. Furthermore, ovariectomy was performed on ICR mice to imitate estrogen-deficiency postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone metabolism and bone morphological parameters in the ovariectomized (OVX) mice were evaluated. RESULTS: The results obtained from the cell model showed that FGF18 promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 instead of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). FGF18 also prevented cells from damage inflicted by oxidative stress via inhibition of apoptosis. After FGF18 administration, the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the mice was upregulated, whereas those of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 were downregulated. Administering FGF18 also improved bone metabolism and bone morphological parameters in OVX mice. CONCLUSIONS: FGF18 could effectively prevent bone loss in OVX mice by enhancing osteoblastogenesis and protecting osteoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.

Antifungal susceptibility profile and biofilm-producing capability of Candida tropicalis isolates in a tertiary medical centre.

BACKGROUND: Candida tropicalis is a globally distributed yeast that has been popping up in the medical literature lately, albeit for unenviable reasons. C. tropicalis is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality as well as drug resistance. The aims of this study were to ascertain the antifungal susceptibility profile and the biofilm-producing capability of this notorious yeast in our centre. METHODS: C. tropicalis isolates from sterile specimens were collected over a 12-month period. Conclusive identification was achieved biochemically with the ID 32 C kit. Susceptibility to nine antifungal agents was carried out using the colourimetric broth microdilution kit Sensititre YeastOne YO10. Biofilm-producing capability was evaluated by quantifying biomass formation spectrophotometrically following staining with crystal violet. RESULTS: Twenty-four non-repetitive isolates of C. tropicalis were collected. The resistance rates to the triazole agents were 29.2% for fluconazole, 16.7% for itraconazole, 20.8% for voriconazole and 8.3% for posaconazole-the pan-azole resistance rate was identical to that of posaconazole. No resistance was recorded for amphotericin B, flucysosine or any of the echinocandins tested. A total of 16/24 (66.7%) isolates were categorized as high biomass producers and 8/24 (33.3%) were moderate biomass producers. None of our isolates were low biomass producers. CONCLUSION: The C. tropicalis isolates from our centre were resistant only to triazole agents, with the highest resistance rate being recorded for fluconazole and the lowest for posaconazole. While this is not by itself alarming, the fact that our isolates were prolific biofilm producers means that even azole-susceptible isolates can be paradoxically refractory to antifungal therapy.

[Study on formulation and revision of standard limits for total bacteria count in "Standards for indoor air quality（GB/T 18883-2022）" in China].

The total bacteria count has been attracting attention as an important pollutant in indoor air, and its standard limit was tightened to 1500 CFU/m3 in "Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022)".The technical contents related to the determination of the indoor air standard limits for total bacteria count were analyzed and studied, including the environmental existence level, exposure status, the health effects and the derivation of the limit value. It also proposed prospects for the future development and revision of quality standards for total bacteria count in indoor air.

[Study on formulation and revision of detection methods of "Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022)" in China].

The formulation and revision of the detection methods of indoor air quality standards is an important, rigorous and delicate endeavor. This paper introduced the formulation and revision of the detection methods of the standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022), focusing on the revision process, revision principles, main adjustments and technical points of some key indicators to facilitate users to better understand and apply the detection methods in standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022).

[Evaluation of the determination of hydrogen sulfide in the air of workplace by the detection tube method].

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and applicability of detection tube method for quantitative detection of hydrogen sulfide in workplace air. Methods: In September 2021, the lower limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, environmental factors, interfering gases and other performance indicators of the method for determining hydrogen sulfide in the air of workplace were verified by the detection tube, and the results were compared with those of GB 11742-89 "Standard method for hygienic examination of hydrogen sulfide in air of residential areas-methylene blue spectrophotometric method" to evaluate the application effect of the detection tube method for quantitative detection of hydrogen sulfide in workplace air. Results: There was no significant difference in the results of 2.83 mg/m(3), 4.25 mg/m(3) and 17.00 mg/m(3) hydrogen sulfide concentration between the two methods (P>0.05) , but there was significant difference in the results of 8.50 mg/m(3) concentration (P<0.05) . The lower limit of quantification of hydrogen sulfide in workplace air was 2.83 mg/m(3), the accuracy was 96.0%-111.0%, and the precision was 0.70%-6.64%. Under the condition of 4 ℃, the measured results decreased by 3.39%-13.10%. When the humidity was 50%-80%, the relative error of the average measured value was -1.67%-4.44%. Interference gases that may exist in the workplace (including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, mercaptans, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, etc.) did not interfere with the results of the test tube. Conclusion: The accuracy and precision of the detection tube method meet the detection requirements. The method is simple, rapid and easy to be popularized, and can be used for the rapid detection of hydrogen sulfide gas concentration in the workplace.

Non-bacteremia liver abscess caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei from a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia: a case report and literature review.

Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia. Liver abscess is not uncommon in melioidosis, but it is usually associated with bacteremia. We presented a case of a 55-year-old gentleman with underlying end-stage renal failure who presented with non-specific abdominal pain for three months. Initial blood investigations showed leukocytosis and increased C-reactive protein. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed multiple hypodense lesions in the liver and spleen. The culture of the liver specimen obtained through the ultrasound-guided isolated Burkholderia pseudomallei. He was given an adjusted dose of intravenous ceftazidime due to underlying renal failure. Melioidosis serology also returned positive for IgM with titer >1:1280. His blood cultures were reported negative three times. Despite on antibiotics for five weeks, there was no significant improvement of the liver abscesses was observed. He was unfortunately infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus during his admission and passed away due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

The recognition of anti-nuclear antibody's dense fine speckled pattern and the detection of anti-DFS70 antibodies in the laboratory practice: Its prevalence and clinical significance.

Anti-nuclear antibody test (ANA) is the test commonly requested for the working diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) particularly in ANA-associated rheumatic diseases (AARDs) such as SLE, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren syndrome, mixed connective tissue diseases, and dermatomyositis. Dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern is an ANA fluorescence pattern that is commonly encountered in laboratories. This pattern is largely detected among the healthy population and in non-SARDs patients. Although this pattern is still can be observed among SARDs patients, the low prevalence of monospecific or isolated anti-DFS70 antibodies makes it useful for ruling out AARDs diagnosis. Thus, the inclusion of anti-DFS70 antibodies is perhaps logical for the exclusion of SARDs/AARDs. This review provides evidence of the prevalence of anti-DFS70 antibodies in different populations including healthy individuals, patients with SARDs and non- SARDs. The algorithm that includes the detection of anti-DFS70 antibodies during ANA screening is also suggested.

Bullous cellulitis as an extraordinary manifestation of a Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa infection.

Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium synonymous with its namesake disease, cholera. Thus, gastrointestinal symptoms are the norm and V. cholerae is very rarely associated with skin and soft tissue infections. We describe a case of a 63-year-old Chinese woman with multiple medical comorbidities on corticosteroid therapy who developed fever and a painful swelling on her left leg after being pricked by a branch while gardening. There was no abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhea. A diagnosis of bullous cellulitis was made clinically, and blood was sent for bacteriological culture. A beta-hemolytic commashaped gram-negative bacillus was isolated from the blood. It was also oxidase-positive and produced an acid/alkaline (A/K) reaction on triple sugar iron agar. It was identified biochemically as Vibrio cholerae. After additional testing, it was found to be of the O1 serogroup and Ogawa serotype. The infection resolved following a 10-day course of high-dose co-trimoxazole therapy.

[The incidence of artificial stone-related silicosis among interior decoration workers in different countries].

In this paper, 177 cases of artificial stone-related silicosis in interior decoration workers from Israel, Spain, USA, Italy and Australia were analyzed. Interior decoration workers were from small businesses (or workshops), engaged in kitchen and/or bathroom artificial stone countertops cutting, grinding, polishing and other reprocessing. In the working environment, the content of crystalline silica in artificial stone was more than 70%, and the concentration of silica dust exceeded the relevant standards. Most workplaces used dry cutting without ventilation and dust removal and other dust-proof measures, and most workers did not wear qualified respiratory protective equipment. Taking comprehensive measures such as wet operation, ventilation and dust removal, and individual protection can effectively prevent the occurrence of artificial stone-related silicosis.

[Association between cognitive impairment and main metals among oldest old aged 80 years and over in China].

Objective: To identify the main metals involved in cognitive impairment in the Chinese oldest old, and explore the association between these metal exposures and cognitive impairment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1 568 participants aged 80 years and older from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (2017 to 2018). Fasting venous blood was collected to measure the levels of nine metals (selenium, lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, chromium, manganese, mercury, and nickel). The cognitive function of these participants was evaluated by using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE). The random forest (RF) was applied to independently identify the main metals that affected cognitive impairment. The multivariate logistic regression model and restricted cubic splines (RCS) model were used to further verify the association of the main metals with cognitive impairment. Results: The age of 1 568 study subjects was (91.8±7.6) years old, including 912 females (58.2%) and 465 individuals (29.7%) with cognitive function impairment. Based on the RF model (the out-of-bag error rate was 22.9%), the importance ranking of variables was conducted and the feature screening of five times ten-fold cross-validation was carried out. It was found that selenium was the metal that affected cognitive function impairment, and the other eight metals were not included in the model. After adjusting for covariates, the multivariate logistic regression model showed that with every increase of 10 µg/L of blood selenium levels, the risk of cognitive impairment decreased (OR=0.921, 95%CI: 0.889-0.954). Compared with the lowest quartile(Q1) of blood selenium, the ORs (95%CI) of Q3 and Q4 blood selenium were 0.452 (0.304-0.669) and 0.419 (0.281-0.622) respectively. The RCS showed a linear dose-response relationship between blood selenium and cognitive impairment (Pnonlinear>0.05). Conclusion: Blood selenium is negatively associated with cognitive impairment in the Chinese oldest old.

Salmonella enteritidis abdominal aorta mycotic aneurysm presented with acute cholestatic jaundice: A case report and literature review.

Mycotic aneurysm is one of the extra-intestinal manifestations of Salmonella Enteritidis infection. The diagnosis of this condition is challenging owed to its variation in clinical presentations. We presented a case of a 54-year-old man with underlying diabetes mellitus and chronic smokers presented with acute right flank pain and fever associated with mild jaundice. The initial laboratory investigations suggested features of obstructive jaundice and urinary tract infection. The contrast enhancing computed tomography of the abdomen revealed the presence of saccular mycotic aneurysm located at the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The blood culture grew Salmonella Enteritidis which was susceptible to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Intravenous ceftriaxone was initiated, and he underwent open surgery and artery repair at day 8 of admission. He responded well to the treatment given and subsequently discharged home after completed three weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone.

[Association of hs-CRP with frailty and its components among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China].

Objective: To investigate the association of the levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with frailty and its components among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Health Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS, 2017-2018) were used and the elderly over 65 years old were included in this study. Through questionnaire interview and physical examination, the information including demographic characteristics, behavior, diet, daily activity, cognitive function, and health status was collected. The association between hs-CRP and frailty and its components in the participants was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model and restrictive cubic spline. Results: A total of 2 453 participants were finally included, the age was (84.8±19.8) years old. The median hs-CRP level was 1.13 mg/L and the prevalence of frailty was 24.4%. Compared with the low-level group (hs-CRP<1.0 mg/L), the OR (95%CI) value of the high-level group (hs-CRP>3.0 mg/L) was 1.79 (1.35-2.36) mg/L. As for the components, the hs-CRP level was also positively associated with ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitation and multimorbidity. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the low-level group, the OR (95%CI) values of the high-level group for the four components were 1.68 (1.25-2.27), 1.88 (1.42-2.50), 1.68 (1.31-2.14) and 1.39 (1.12-1.72), respectively. Conclusion: There is a positive association between the levels of hs-CRP and the risk of frailty among the elderly over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. The higher hs-CRP level may increase the risk of frailty by elevating the risk of four physical functional disabilities, namely ADL disability, IADL disability, functional limitation and multimorbidity.

[Determination of 22 phospholipids in serum by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

Objective: To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 22 phospholipids in serum. Methods: In September 2022, Using synthetic non endogenous phospholipids as internal standard, phospholipids in serum were extracted by methanol-dichloromethane (2∶1, V/V) protein precipitation method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH shield RP18 column, and the mobile phase was methanol/water (5∶95, V/V) containing 10 mM ammonium formate and methanol. Detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode with ion mode switching. And the method was applied by analyzing phospholipids in the serum of coal workers' pneumoconiosis patients. Results: The 22 phospholipids showed good linear relationships in their respective concentration ranges and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.990. The spiked recoveries of the 22 phospholipids were 81.03%-121.63% at the three spiked levels. The intra-assay were less than 14.52%, and the inter-assay were less than 15.00%. Conclusion: The method with the advantages of simplicity, stability and high sensitivity, and it can be used for the analysis of phospholipids in serum.